Overview: Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0
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A Parsing MathML
A.1 The MathML DTD
MathML documents should be validated using the XML DTD for MathML, which is also shown below in Section A.1 [The MathML DTD].
Normally. however, a MathML expression does not constitute an entire XML document. MathML is designed to be used as the mathematics fragment of larger markup languages. In particular it is designed to be used as a module in documents marked up with the XHTML family of markup languages, as defined in [Modularization]. As a convenience, a version of the XHTML DTD, extended with this MathML module, is also provided as a concrete example. This version includes all the necessary declarations included into one file. (In contrast to the standalone version of the MathML DTD which references several files for entity declarations etc.
In some circumstances, when embedding MathML
in documents it is necessary, or convenient, to use the mechanisms
described in Chapter 7 [The MathML Interface] which provide a namespace prefix on
MathML element names. The DTD below is designed to allow this usage.
If the parameter entity MATHML.prefixed
is declared to be
INCLUDE, using a declaration such as
<!ENTITY % MATHML.prefixed "INCLUDE" >
either in the local subset of the DOCTYPE declaration, or in the
DTD file that is including the MathML DTD, then all MathML elements
should be used with a prefix, for example <m:mrow>
,
<m:apply>
, etc. The prefix defaults to m:
but another prefix may be declared by
declaring in addition the parameter entity MathML.prefix
.
For example,
<!ENTITY % MATHML.prefix "math" >
would set the prefix for the MathML namespace to math:
.
Note that while the [Namespaces] Recommendation provides mechanisms to change the prefix at arbitrary points in the document, this flexibility is not provided in this DTD (and is probably not possible to specify in any DTD).
If a MathML fragment is parsed without a DTD, in other words as a well-formed XML fragment, it is the responsibility of the processing application to treat the whitespace whitespace characters occurring outside of token elements as not significant.
An SGML parser, such as nsgmls
, can be used to
validate MathML. In this case an SGML declaration defining the
constraints of XML applicable to an SGML parser must be used.
See the
note on SGML and XML.
The entity declarations for characters are referenced at the end of the DTD. These are linked to the character tables in Chapter 6 [Characters, Entities and Fonts] for each entity set.
Lists of the combined MathML set of character names, ordered by name or by Unicode value are also available.
In order to accommodate XML Namespace prefixes, the DTD does not
directly refer to an element name such as mrow
but instead always refers to the name via a parameter entity such as
%mrow.qname;
. The definitions of these parameter
entities are in the file
but are not shown here. They are simply declarations such as
the following, one for each MathML element.
<!ENTITY % mrow.qname "%MATHML.pfx;mrow" >
Here we give the main body of the DTD. The full DTD, as well as the XHTML-Math DTD, is available as a zip archive.
<!-- MathML 2.0 DTD ....................................................... --> <!-- file: mathml2.dtd --> <!-- MathML 2.0 DTD This is the Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 2.0, an XML application for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. Copyright 1998-2000 World Wide Web Consortium (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute the XHTML 1.1 DTD and its accompanying documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted in perpetuity, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph appear in all copies. The copyright holders make no representation about the suitability of the DTD for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without expressed or implied warranty. Revision: $Id: parsing.xml,v 1.22 2000/03/28 09:53:02 davidc Exp $ This entity may be identified by the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers: PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN" SYSTEM "mathml2.dtd" Revisions: editor and revision history at EOF --> <!-- MathML Qualified Names module ............................... --> <!ENTITY % mathml-qname.module "INCLUDE" > <![%mathml-qname.module;[ <!ENTITY % mathml-qname.mod PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES MathML 2.0 Qualified Names 1.0//EN" "mathml2-qname-1.mod" > %mathml-qname.mod;]]> <!-- if %NS.prefixed; is INCLUDE, include all NS attributes, otherwise just those associated with MathML --> <![%NS.prefixed;[ <!ENTITY % MATHML.NamespaceDecl.attrib %NamespaceDecl.attrib; > ]]> <!ENTITY % MATHML.NamespaceDecl.attrib "%MATHML.xmlns.attrib;" > <!-- Attributes shared by all elements .......................... --> <!ENTITY % MATHML.Common.attrib "%MATHML.NamespaceDecl.attrib; xlink:href CDATA #IMPLIED class CDATA #IMPLIED style CDATA #IMPLIED id ID #IMPLIED xref IDREF #IMPLIED other CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!-- Presentation element set ................................... --> <!-- Attribute definitions --> <!ENTITY % att-fontsize "fontsize CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-fontweight "fontweight ( normal | bold ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-fontstyle "fontstyle ( normal | italic ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-fontfamily "fontfamily CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-color "color CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-fontinfo "%att-fontsize; %att-fontweight; %att-fontstyle; %att-fontfamily; %att-color;" > <!ENTITY % att-form "form ( prefix | infix | postfix ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-fence "fence ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-separator "separator ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-lspace "lspace CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-rspace "rspace CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-stretchy "stretchy ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-symmetric "symmetric ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-maxsize "maxsize CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-minsize "minsize CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-largeop "largeop ( true | false) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-movablelimits "movablelimits ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-accent "accent ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-opinfo "%att-form; %att-fence; %att-separator; %att-lspace; %att-rspace; %att-stretchy; %att-symmetric; %att-maxsize; %att-minsize; %att-largeop; %att-movablelimits; %att-accent;" > <!ENTITY % att-width "width CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-height "height CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-depth "depth CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-linebreak "linebreak CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-sizeinfo "%att-width; %att-height; %att-depth;" > <!ENTITY % att-lquote "lquote CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-rquote "rquote CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-linethickness "linethickness CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-scriptlevel "scriptlevel CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-displaystyle "displaystyle ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-scriptsizemultiplier "scriptsizemultiplier CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-scriptminsize "scriptminsize CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-background "background CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-open "open CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-close "close CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-separators "separators CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-subscriptshift "subscriptshift CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-superscriptshift "superscriptshift CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-accentunder "accentunder ( true | false ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-align "align CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-rowalign "rowalign CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-columnalign "columnalign CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-columnwidth "columnwidth CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-groupalign "groupalign CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-alignmentscope "alignmentscope CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-rowspacing "rowspacing CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-columnspacing "columnspacing CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-rowlines "rowlines CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-columnlines "columnlines CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-frame "frame ( none | solid | dashed ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-framespacing "framespacing CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-equalrows "equalrows CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-equalcolumns "equalcolumns CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-tableinfo "%att-align; %att-rowalign; %att-columnalign; %att-columnwidth; %att-groupalign; %att-alignmentscope; %att-rowspacing; %att-columnspacing; %att-rowlines; %att-columnlines; %att-frame; %att-framespacing; %att-equalrows; %att-equalcolumns; %att-displaystyle;" > <!ENTITY % att-rowspan "rowspan CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-columnspan "columnspan CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-edge "edge ( left | right ) #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-actiontype "actiontype CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-selection "selection CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-name "name CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-alt "alt CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-index "index CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-bevelled "bevelled CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!-- Presentation schemata with content --> <!ENTITY % ptoken "%mi.qname; | %mn.qname; | %mo.qname; | %mtext.qname; | %ms.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %mi.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-fontinfo; > <!ATTLIST %mn.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-fontinfo; > <!ATTLIST %mo.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-fontinfo; %att-opinfo; > <!ATTLIST %mtext.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-fontinfo; > <!ATTLIST %ms.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-fontinfo; %att-lquote; %att-rquote; > <!-- Empty presentation schemata --> <!ENTITY % petoken "%mspace.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %mspace.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %mspace.qname; %att-sizeinfo; %att-linebreak; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!-- Presentation: general layout schemata --> <!ENTITY % pgenschema "%mrow.qname; | %mfrac.qname; | %msqrt.qname; | %mroot.qname; | %menclose.qname; | %mstyle.qname; | %merror.qname; | %mpadded.qname; | %mphantom.qname; | %mfenced.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %mrow.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %mfrac.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-bevelled; %att-linethickness; > <!ATTLIST %msqrt.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %menclose.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; notation CDATA 'longdiv' > <!ATTLIST %mroot.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %mstyle.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-fontinfo; %att-opinfo; %att-lquote; %att-rquote; %att-linethickness; %att-scriptlevel; %att-scriptsizemultiplier; %att-scriptminsize; %att-background; %att-open; %att-close; %att-separators; %att-subscriptshift; %att-superscriptshift; %att-accentunder; %att-tableinfo; %att-rowspan; %att-columnspan; %att-edge; %att-actiontype; %att-selection; > <!ATTLIST %merror.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %mpadded.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-sizeinfo; %att-lspace; > <!ATTLIST %mphantom.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %mfenced.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-open; %att-close; %att-separators; > <!-- Presentation layout schemata: scripts and limits --> <!ENTITY % pscrschema "%msub.qname; | %msup.qname; | %msubsup.qname; | %munder.qname; | %mover.qname; | %munderover.qname; | %mmultiscripts.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %msub.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-subscriptshift; > <!ATTLIST %msup.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-superscriptshift; > <!ATTLIST %msubsup.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-subscriptshift; %att-superscriptshift; > <!ATTLIST %munder.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-accentunder; > <!ATTLIST %mover.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-accent; > <!ATTLIST %munderover.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-accent; %att-accentunder; > <!ATTLIST %mmultiscripts.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-subscriptshift; %att-superscriptshift; > <!-- Presentation layout schemata: empty elements for scripts --> <!ENTITY % pscreschema "%mprescripts.qname; | %none.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %mprescripts.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %mprescripts.qname; %MATHML.xmlns.attrib; > <!ELEMENT %none.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %none.qname; %MATHML.xmlns.attrib; > <!-- Presentation layout schemata: tables --> <!ENTITY % ptabschema "%mtable.qname; | %mtr.qname; | %mlabeledtr.qname; | %mtd.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %mtable.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-tableinfo; > <!ATTLIST %mtr.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-rowalign; %att-columnalign; %att-groupalign; > <!ATTLIST %mlabeledtr.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-rowalign; %att-columnalign; %att-groupalign; > <!ATTLIST %mtd.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-rowalign; %att-columnalign; %att-groupalign; %att-rowspan; %att-columnspan; > <!ENTITY % plschema "%pgenschema; | %pscrschema; | %ptabschema;" > <!-- Empty presentation layout schemata --> <!ENTITY % peschema "%maligngroup.qname; | %malignmark.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %malignmark.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %malignmark.qname; %att-edge; > <!ELEMENT %maligngroup.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %maligngroup.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-groupalign; > <!ELEMENT %mchar.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %mchar.qname; %att-name; > <!ELEMENT %mglyph.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %mglyph.qname; %att-alt; %att-fontfamily; %att-index; > <!-- Presentation action schemata --> <!ENTITY % pactions "%maction.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %maction.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-actiontype; %att-selection; > <!-- The following entity for substitution into content constructs excludes elements that are not valid as expressions. --> <!ENTITY % PresInCont "%ptoken; | %petoken; | %plschema; | %peschema; | %pactions;" > <!-- Presentation entity: all presentation constructs --> <!ENTITY % Presentation "%ptoken; | %petoken; | %pscreschema; | %plschema; | %peschema; | %pactions;"> <!-- Content element set ........................................ --> <!-- Attribute definitions --> <!ENTITY % att-base "base CDATA '10'" > <!ENTITY % att-closure "closure CDATA 'closed'" > <!ENTITY % att-definition "definitionURL CDATA ''" > <!ENTITY % att-encoding "encoding CDATA ''" > <!ENTITY % att-nargs "nargs CDATA '1'" > <!ENTITY % att-occurrence "occurrence CDATA 'function-model'" > <!ENTITY % att-order "order CDATA 'numeric'" > <!ENTITY % att-scope "scope CDATA 'local'" > <!ENTITY % att-type "type CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!-- Content elements: leaf nodes --> <!ENTITY % ctoken "%csymbol.qname; | %ci.qname; | %cn.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %ci.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-type; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ATTLIST %csymbol.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-encoding; %att-type; %att-definition; > <!ATTLIST %cn.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-type; %att-base; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!-- Content elements: specials --> <!ENTITY % cspecial "%apply.qname; | %reln.qname; | %lambda.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %apply.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %reln.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %lambda.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!-- Content elements: others --> <!ENTITY % cother "%condition.qname; | %declare.qname; | %sep.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %condition.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %declare.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-type; %att-scope; %att-nargs; %att-occurrence; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %sep.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %sep.qname; %MATHML.xmlns.attrib; > <!-- Content elements: semantic mapping --> <!ENTITY % csemantics "%semantics.qname; | %annotation.qname; | %annotation-xml.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %semantics.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ATTLIST %annotation.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-encoding; > <!ATTLIST %annotation-xml.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-encoding; > <!-- Content elements: constructors --> <!ENTITY % cconstructor "%interval.qname; | %list.qname; | %matrix.qname; | %matrixrow.qname; | %set.qname; | %vector.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %interval.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-closure; > <!ATTLIST %set.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-type; > <!ATTLIST %list.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-order; > <!ATTLIST %vector.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %matrix.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %matrixrow.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!-- Content elements: symbols --> <!ENTITY % c0ary "%integers.qname; | %reals.qname; | %rationals.qname; | %naturalnumbers.qname; | %complexes.qname; | %primes.qname; | %exponentiale.qname; | %imaginaryi.qname; | %notanumber.qname; | %true.qname; | %false.qname; | %emptyset.qname; | %pi.qname; | %eulergamma.qname; | %infinity.qname;" > <!-- Content elements: operators --> <!ENTITY % cfuncop1ary "%inverse.qname; | %ident.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %inverse.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %inverse.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % cfuncopnary "%fn.qname; | %compose.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %fn.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %ident.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %ident.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %compose.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %compose.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % carithop1ary "%abs.qname; | %conjugate.qname; | %exp.qname; | %factorial.qname; | %arg.qname; | %real.qname; | %imaginary.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %exp.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %exp.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %abs.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %abs.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %arg.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %arg.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %real.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %real.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %imaginary.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %imaginary.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %conjugate.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %conjugate.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %factorial.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %factorial.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % carithop1or2ary "%minus.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %minus.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %minus.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % carithop2ary "%quotient.qname; | %divide.qname; | %power.qname; | %rem.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %quotient.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %quotient.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %divide.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %divide.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %power.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %power.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %rem.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %rem.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % carithopnary "%plus.qname; | %times.qname; | %max.qname; | %min.qname; | %gcd.qname; | %lcm.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %plus.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %plus.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %max.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %max.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %min.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %min.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %times.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %times.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %gcd.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %gcd.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %lcm.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %lcm.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % carithoproot "%root.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %root.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %root.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % clogicopquant "%exists.qname; | %forall.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %exists.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %exists.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %forall.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %forall.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % clogicopnary "%and.qname; | %or.qname; | %xor.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %and.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %and.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %or.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %or.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %xor.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %xor.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % clogicop1ary "%not.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %not.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %not.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % clogicop2ary "%implies.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %implies.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %implies.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % ccalcop "%log.qname; | %int.qname; | %diff.qname; | %partialdiff.qname; | %divergence.qname; | %grad.qname; | %curl.qname; | %laplacian.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %divergence.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %divergence.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %grad.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %grad.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %curl.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %curl.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %laplacian.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %laplacian.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %log.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %log.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %int.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %int.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %diff.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %diff.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %partialdiff.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %partialdiff.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % ccalcop1ary "%ln.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %ln.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %ln.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % csetop1ary "%card.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %card.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %card.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % csetop2ary "%setdiff.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %setdiff.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %setdiff.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % csetopnary "%union.qname; | %intersect.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %union.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %union.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %intersect.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %intersect.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % cseqop "%sum.qname; | %product.qname; | %limit.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %sum.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %sum.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %product.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %product.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %limit.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %limit.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % ctrigop "%sin.qname; | %cos.qname; | %tan.qname; | %sec.qname; | %csc.qname; | %cot.qname; | %sinh.qname; | %cosh.qname; | %tanh.qname; | %sech.qname; | %csch.qname; | %coth.qname; | %arcsin.qname; | %arccos.qname; | %arctan.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %sin.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %sin.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %cos.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %cos.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %tan.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %tan.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %sec.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %sec.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %csc.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %csc.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %cot.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %cot.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %sinh.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %sinh.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %cosh.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %cosh.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %tanh.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %tanh.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %sech.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %sech.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %csch.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %csch.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %coth.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %coth.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %arcsin.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %arcsin.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %arccos.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %arccos.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %arctan.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %arctan.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % cstatopnary "%mean.qname; | %sdev.qname; | %variance.qname; | %median.qname; | %mode.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %mean.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %mean.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %sdev.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %sdev.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %variance.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %variance.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %median.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %median.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %mode.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %mode.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % cstatopmoment "%moment.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %moment.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %moment.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % clalgop1ary "%determinant.qname; | %transpose.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %determinant.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %determinant.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %transpose.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %transpose.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % clalgop2ary "%vectorproduct.qname; | %scalarproduct.qname; | %outerproduct.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %vectorproduct.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %vectorproduct.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %scalarproduct.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %scalarproduct.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %outerproduct.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %outerproduct.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % clalgopnary "%selector.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %selector.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %selector.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!-- Content elements: relations --> <!ENTITY % cgenrel2ary "%neq.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %neq.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %neq.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % cgenrelnary "%eq.qname; | %leq.qname; | %lt.qname; | %geq.qname; | %gt.qname;| %equivalent.qname; | %approx.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %eq.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %eq.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %equivalent.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %equivalent.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %approx.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %approx.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %gt.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %gt.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %lt.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %lt.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %geq.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %geq.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %leq.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %leq.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % csetrel2ary "%in.qname; | %notin.qname; | %notsubset.qname; | %notprsubset.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %in.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %in.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %notin.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %notin.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %notsubset.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %notsubset.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %notprsubset.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %notprsubset.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % csetrelnary "%subset.qname; | %prsubset.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %subset.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %subset.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ELEMENT %prsubset.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %prsubset.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; > <!ENTITY % cseqrel2ary "%tendsto.qname;" > <!ELEMENT %tendsto.qname; EMPTY > <!ATTLIST %tendsto.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-definition; %att-encoding; %att-type; > <!-- Content elements: quantifiers --> <!ENTITY % cquantifier "%lowlimit.qname; | %uplimit.qname; | %bvar.qname; | %degree.qname; | %logbase.qname;" > <!ATTLIST %lowlimit.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %uplimit.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %bvar.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %degree.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!ATTLIST %logbase.qname; %MATHML.Common.attrib; > <!-- Operator groups --> <!ENTITY % cop1ary "%cfuncop1ary; | %carithop1ary; | %clogicop1ary; | %ccalcop1ary; | %ctrigop; | %clalgop1ary; | %csetop1ary;" > <!ENTITY % cop2ary "%carithop2ary; | %clogicop2ary;| %clalgop2ary; | %csetop2ary;" > <!ENTITY % copnary "%cfuncopnary; | %carithopnary; | %clogicopnary; | %csetopnary; | %cstatopnary; | %clalgopnary;" > <!ENTITY % copmisc "%carithoproot; | %carithop1or2ary; | %ccalcop; | %cseqop; | %cstatopmoment; | %clogicopquant;" > <!-- Relation groups --> <!ENTITY % crel2ary "%cgenrel2ary; | %csetrel2ary; | %cseqrel2ary;" > <!ENTITY % crelnary "%cgenrelnary; | %csetrelnary;" > <!-- Content constructs: all --> <!ENTITY % Content "%ctoken; | %cspecial; | %cother; | %csemantics; | %c0ary; | %cconstructor; | %cquantifier; | %cop1ary; | %cop2ary; | %copnary; |%copmisc; | %crel2ary; | %crelnary;" > <!-- Content constructs for substitution in presentation structures --> <!ENTITY % ContInPres "%ci.qname; |%csymbol.qname;| %cn.qname;| %apply.qname; | %fn.qname; | %lambda.qname; | %reln.qname; | %interval.qname; | %list.qname; | %matrix.qname; | %matrixrow.qname; | %set.qname; | %vector.qname; | %semantics.qname; |%declare.qname;" > <!-- ............................................................. --> <!-- Recursive definition for content of expressions. Include presentation constructs at lowest level so presentation layout schemata hold presentation or content elements. Include content constructs at lowest level so content elements hold PCDATA or presentation elements at leaf level (for permitted substitutable elements in context) --> <!ENTITY % ContentExpression "(%Content; | %PresInCont;)*" > <!ENTITY % PresExpression "(%Presentation; | %ContInPres;)*" > <!ENTITY % MathExpression "(%PresInCont; | %ContInPres;)*" > <!-- PCDATA or MathML character elements --> <!ENTITY % MathMLCharacters "#PCDATA | %mchar.qname; | %mglyph.qname; " > <!-- Content elements: tokens --> <!-- (may contain embedded presentation constructs) --> <!ELEMENT %ci.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %PresInCont;)* > <!ELEMENT %csymbol.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %PresInCont;)* > <!ELEMENT %cn.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %sep.qname; | %PresInCont;)* > <!-- Content elements: special --> <!ELEMENT %apply.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %reln.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %lambda.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!-- Content elements: other --> <!ELEMENT %condition.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %declare.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!-- Content elements: semantics --> <!ELEMENT %semantics.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ENTITY % Annotation.content "( #PCDATA )" > <!ELEMENT %annotation.qname; %Annotation.content; > <!ENTITY % Annotation-xml.content "ANY" > <!ELEMENT %annotation-xml.qname; %Annotation-xml.content; > <!-- Content elements: constructors --> <!ELEMENT %interval.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %set.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %list.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %vector.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %matrix.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %matrixrow.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!-- Content elements: operator (user-defined) --> <!ELEMENT %fn.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!-- Content elements: quantifiers --> <!ELEMENT %lowlimit.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %uplimit.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %bvar.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %degree.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %logbase.qname; (%ContentExpression;) > <!-- ............................................................. --> <!-- Presentation layout schemata contain tokens, layout and content schemata. --> <!ELEMENT %mstyle.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %merror.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mphantom.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mrow.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mfrac.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %msqrt.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %menclose.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mroot.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %msub.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %msup.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %msubsup.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mmultiscripts.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %munder.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mover.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %munderover.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mtable.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mtr.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mlabeledtr.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mtd.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %maction.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mfenced.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!ELEMENT %mpadded.qname; (%PresExpression;) > <!-- Presentation elements contain PCDATA or malignmark constructs. --> <!ELEMENT %mi.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %malignmark.qname;)* > <!ELEMENT %mn.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %malignmark.qname;)* > <!ELEMENT %mo.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %malignmark.qname;)* > <!ELEMENT %mtext.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %malignmark.qname;)* > <!ELEMENT %ms.qname; (%MathMLCharacters; | %malignmark.qname;)* > <!-- Browser interface definition ............................... --> <!-- Attributes for top-level element "math" --> <!ENTITY % att-macros "macros CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-mode "mode CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-topinfo "%MATHML.Common.attrib; %att-macros; %att-mode;" > <!-- Attributes for browser interface element --> <!ENTITY % att-baseline "baseline CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-overflow "overflow ( scroll | elide | truncate | scale ) 'scroll'" > <!ENTITY % att-altimg "altimg CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-alttext "alttext CDATA #IMPLIED" > <!ENTITY % att-browif "%att-type; %att-name; %att-height; %att-width; %att-baseline; %att-overflow; %att-altimg; %att-alttext;" > <!-- ............................................................. --> <!-- The top-level element "math" contains MathML encoded mathematics. The "math" element has the browser info attributes iff it is also the browser interface element. --> <!ELEMENT %math.qname; (%MathExpression;) > <!ATTLIST %math.qname; %att-topinfo; %att-browif; > <!-- MathML Character Entities .............................................. --> <!ENTITY % mathml-charent.module "INCLUDE" > <![%mathml-charent.module;[ <!-- Entity sets from ISO Technical Report 9573-13 ..... --> <!ENTITY % ent-isoamsa PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Math Symbols: Arrow Relations for MathML 2.0//EN" "isoamsa.ent" > %ent-isoamsa;
<!ENTITY % ent-isoamsb PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Math Symbols: Binary Operators for MathML 2.0//EN" "isoamsb.ent" > %ent-isoamsb;
<!ENTITY % ent-isoamsc PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Math Symbols: Delimiters for MathML 2.0//EN" "isoamsc.ent" > %ent-isoamsc;
<!ENTITY % ent-isoamsn PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Math Symbols: Negated Relations for MathML 2.0//EN" "isoamsn.ent" > %ent-isoamsn;
<!ENTITY % ent-isoamso PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Math Symbols: Ordinary for MathML 2.0//EN" "isoamso.ent" > %ent-isoamso;
<!ENTITY % ent-isoamsr PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Math Symbols: Relations for MathML 2.0//EN" "isoamsr.ent" > %ent-isoamsr;
<!ENTITY % ent-isogrk3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Greek Symbols for MathML 2.0//EN" "isogrk3.ent" > %ent-isogrk3;
<!ENTITY % ent-isomfrk PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Math Alphabets: Fraktur for MathML 2.0//EN" "isomfrk.ent" > %ent-isomfrk;
<!ENTITY % ent-isomopf PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Math Alphabets: Open Face for MathML 2.0//EN" "isomopf.ent" > %ent-isomopf;
<!ENTITY % ent-isomscr PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Math Alphabets: Script for MathML 2.0//EN" "isomscr.ent" > %ent-isomscr;
<!ENTITY % ent-isotech PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES General Technical for MathML 2.0//EN" "isotech.ent" > %ent-isotech;
<!-- Entity sets from informative annex to ISO 8879:1986 (SGML) ....... --> <!ENTITY % ent-isobox PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Box and Line Drawing for MathML 2.0//EN" "isobox.ent" > %ent-isobox;
<!ENTITY % ent-isocyr1 PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Russian Cyrillic for MathML 2.0//EN" "isocyr1.ent" > %ent-isocyr1;
<!ENTITY % ent-isocyr2 PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Non-Russian Cyrillic for MathML 2.0//EN" "isocyr2.ent" > %ent-isocyr2;
<!ENTITY % ent-isodia PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Diacritical Marks for MathML 2.0//EN" "isodia.ent" > %ent-isodia;
<!ENTITY % ent-isolat1 PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Latin 1 for MathML 2.0//EN" "isolat1.ent" > %ent-isolat1;
<!ENTITY % ent-isolat2 PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Added Latin 2 for MathML 2.0//EN" "isolat2.ent" > %ent-isolat2;
<!ENTITY % ent-isonum PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Numeric and Special Graphic for MathML 2.0//EN" "isonum.ent" > %ent-isonum;
<!ENTITY % ent-isopub PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Publishing for MathML 2.0//EN" "isopub.ent" > %ent-isopub;
<!-- MathML aliases for characters defined above ................. --> <!ENTITY % ent-mmlalias PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Aiases for MathML 2.0//EN" "mmlalias.ent" > <!--%ent-mmlalias;--> <!-- New characters defined by MathML ............................ --> <!ENTITY % ent-mmlextra PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Extra for MathML 2.0//EN" "mmlextra.ent" > <!--%ent-mmlextra;--> <!-- end of MathML Character Entity section -->]]> <!-- Revision History: Initial draft (syntax = XML) 1997-05-09 Stephen Buswell Revised 1997-05-14 Robert Miner Revised 1997-06-29 and 1997-07-02 Stephen Buswell Revised 1997-12-15 Stephen Buswell Revised 1998-02-08 Stephen Buswell Revised 1998-04-04 Stephen Buswell Entities and small revisions 1999-02-21 David Carlisle Added attribute definitionURL to ci and cn 1999-10-11 Nico Poppelier Additions for MathML 2 1999-12-16 David Carlisle Namespace support 2000-01-14 David Carlisle XHTML Compatibility 2000-02-23 Murray Altheim New content elements 2000-03-26 David Carlisle --> <!-- end of MathML 2.0 DTD ................................................ --> <!-- ....................................................................... -->
Overview: Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0
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