Network Working Group E. Chen Internet Draft Cisco Systems Expiration Date: March 2007 Y. Rekhter Juniper Networks Outbound Route Filtering Capability for BGP-4 draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress". The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Abstract This document defines a BGP-based mechanism that allows a BGP speaker to send to its BGP peer a set of route filters that the peer would use to constrain/filter its outbound routing updates to the speaker. Chen & Rekhter [Page 1] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 1. Specification of Requirements The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC-2119]. 2. Introduction Currently it is not uncommon for a BGP speaker [BGP-4] to receive, and then filter out some unwanted routes from its peers based on its local routing policy. Since the generation and transmission of routing updates by the sender, as well as the processing of routing updates by the receiver consume resources, it may be beneficial if the generation of such unwanted routing updates can be avoided in the first place. This document defines a BGP-based mechanism that allows a BGP speaker to send to its BGP peer a set of Outbound Route Filters (ORFs). The peer would then apply these filters, in addition to its locally configured outbound filters (if any), to constrain/filter its outbound routing updates to the speaker. 3. Outbound Route Filter (ORF) This document uses the terms "Address Family Identifier (AFI)" and "Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI)". In the context of this document the meaning of these terms is the same as in [BGP-MP]. Conceptually an ORF entry is a tuple of the form ; an ORF consists of one or more ORF entries that have a common AFI/SAFI and ORF-Type. An ORF is identified by . The "AFI/SAFI" component provides a coarse granularity control by limiting the ORF to only the routes whose NLRI matches the "AFI/SAFI" component of the ORF. The "ORF-Type" component determines the content of the ORF-value. The "Action" component controls handling of the ORF Request by the remote peer. Action can be one of ADD, REMOVE, REMOVE-ALL. ADD adds an ORF entry to the ORF on the remote peer; REMOVE deletes a previously installed ORF entry on the remote peer; REMOVE-ALL deletes the previously installed entries in the specified ORF on the remote peer. Chen & Rekhter [Page 2] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 The "Match" component is used if support matching granularity on a per ORF entry basis is needed, in which case the "Match" component can be one of PERMIT or DENY. The semantics of PERMIT is to ask the peer to pass updates for the set of routes that match the ORF entry. The semantics of DENY is to ask the peer not to pass updates for the set of routes that match the ORF entry. 4. Carrying ORF Entries in BGP ORF entries are carried in the BGP ROUTE-REFRESH message [BGP-RR]. A BGP speaker can distinguish an incoming ROUTE-REFRESH message that carries one or more ORF entries from an incoming plain ROUTE-REFRESH message by using the Message Length field in the BGP message header. A single ROUTE-REFRESH message MAY carry multiple ORF entries, as long as all these entries share the same AFI/SAFI. From the encoding point of view each ORF entry consists of a common part and type-specific part as shown in Figure 1. The common part consists of , and is encoded as follows: The AFI/SAFI component of an ORF entry is encoded in the AFI/SAFI field of the ROUTE-REFRESH message. Following the AFI/SAFI component is the one-octet When-to-refresh field. The value of this field can be one of IMMEDIATE (0x01) or DEFER (0x02). The semantics of IMMEDIATE and DEFER are discussed in the "Operation" section of this document. Following the When-to-refresh field is a collection of one or more ORFs, grouped by ORF-Type. The ORF-Type component is encoded as a one-octet field. The Length of ORFs component is a two-octets field that contains the length (in octets) of the ORF entries that follows. Chen & Rekhter [Page 3] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 +--------------------------------------------------+ | Address Family Identifier (2 octets) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Reserved (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Subsequent Address Family Identifier (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | When-to-refresh (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ORF Type (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Length of ORFs (2 octets) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | First ORF entry (variable) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Second ORF entry (variable) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ... | +--------------------------------------------------+ | N-th ORF entry (variable) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ORF Type (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Length of ORFs (2 octets) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | First ORF entry (variable) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Second ORF entry (variable) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ... | +--------------------------------------------------+ | N-th ORF entry (variable) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ... | +--------------------------------------------------+ Figure 1: Carrying ORF Entries in the ROUTE-REFRESH Message The rest of the components in the common part are encoded in the first octet of each ORF-entry (from the most significant to the least significant bit) as shown in Figure 2: Action is a two-bit field. The value of this field is 0 for ADD, 1 for REMOVE, and 2 for REMOVE-ALL. Match is a one-bit field. The value of this field is 0 for PERMIT and 1 for DENY. This field is significant only when the value of Chen & Rekhter [Page 4] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 the Action field is either ADD or REMOVE. Reserved is a 5-bit field. It is set to 0 on transmit and ignored on receive. +---------------------------------+ | Action (2 bit) | +---------------------------------+ | Match (1 bit) | +---------------------------------+ | Reserved (5 bits) | +---------------------------------+ | Type specific part (variable) | +---------------------------------+ Figure 2: ORF Entry Encoding When the Action component of an ORF entry specifies REMOVE-ALL, the entry consists of only the common part. 5. Outbound Route Filtering Capability A BGP speaker that is willing to receive ORF entries from its peer, or a BGP speaker that would like to send ORF entries to its peer advertises this to the peer by using the Outbound Route Filtering Capability, as described below. The Outbound Route Filtering Capability is a new BGP capability [BGP-CAP] defined as follows: Capability code: 3 Capability length: variable Capability value: one or more of the entries as shown in Figure 3. Chen & Rekhter [Page 5] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 +--------------------------------------------------+ | Address Family Identifier (2 octets) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Reserved (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Subsequent Address Family Identifier (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Number of ORFs (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ORF Type (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Send/Receive (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ... | +--------------------------------------------------+ | ORF Type (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ | Send/Receive (1 octet) | +--------------------------------------------------+ Figure 3: Outbound Route Filtering Capability Encoding The use and meaning of these fields are as follows: Address Family Identifier (AFI): This field is the same as the one used in [BGP-MP]. Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI): This field is the same as the one used in [BGP-MP]. Number of ORF Types: This field contains the number of Filter Types to be listed in the following fields. ORF Type: This field contains the value of an ORF Type. Send/Receive: This field indicates whether the sender is (a) willing to receive ORF entries from its peer (value 1), (b) would like to send ORF entries to its peer (value 2), or (c) both (value 3) for the ORF Type that follows. Chen & Rekhter [Page 6] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 6. Operation A BGP speaker that is willing to receive ORF entries from its peer, or would like to send ORF entries to its peer SHOULD advertise the Outbound Route Filtering Capability to the peer using BGP Capabilities advertisement [BGP-CAP]. A BGP speaker that implements the Outbound Route Filtering Capability MUST support the BGP ROUTE-REFRESH message, as defined in [BGP-RR]. A BGP speaker that advertises the Outbound Route Filtering Capability to a peer using BGP Capabilities advertisement [BGP-CAP] does not have to advertise the BGP Route Refresh capability to that peer. Consider a BGP speaker that advertises the Outbound Route Filtering Capability indicating its willingness to receive a particular set of from its peer, and that receives the Outbound Route Filtering Capability indicating the desire of the peer to send a particular set to the speaker. If for a given the intersection between these two sets are not-empty, the speaker SHOULD NOT advertise to the peer any routes with that prior to receiving from the peer any ROUTE-REFRESH message carrying that , where the message could be either without any ORF entries, or with one or more ORF entry and When-to- refresh field set to IMMEDIATE. If, on the other hand, for a given the intersection between these two sets is empty, the speaker SHOULD follow normal BGP procedures. A BGP speaker may send a ROUTE-REFRESH message with one or more ORF entries to its peer only if the peer advertises to the speaker the Outbound Route Filtering Capability indicating its willingness to receive ORF entries from the speaker, and the speaker advertises to the peer the Outbound Route Filtering Capability indicating its desire to send ORF entries to the peer. The message may contain only ORF entries of that the peer is willing to receive, as advertised to the speaker in the Outbound Route Filtering Capability. When a BGP speaker receives a ROUTE-REFRESH message with one or more ORF entries from its peer, then the speaker performs the following actions. If the carried by the message does not match that the speaker is willing to receive from the peer (as advertised to the peer in the Outbound Route Filtering Capability), the specified ORF is ignored. Otherwise, the speaker modifies the specified ORF, as specified in the ORF entries carried by the message. If any of the fields within an ORF entry contain an unrecognized value, the whole specified ORF is removed. If the Action component of an ORF entry is REMOVE, but the ORF does Chen & Rekhter [Page 7] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 not contain the specified entry, the entry is ignored. ORF entries with either REMOVE or REMOVE-ALL can not remove locally configured outbound route filters. If the When-to-refresh indicates IMMEDIATE, then after processing all the ORF entries carried in the message the speaker re-advertises to the peer routes from the Adj-RIB-Out associated with the peer that have the same AFI/SAFI as what is carried in the message, and taking into account all the ORF entries for that AFI/SAFI received from the peer. The speaker MUST re-advertise all the routes that have been affected by the ORF entries carried in the message, but MAY also re- advertise the routes that have not been affected by the ORF entries carried in the message. If the When-to-refresh indicates DEFER, then after processing all the ORF entries carried in the message the speaker defers re- advertisement to the peer routes from the Adj-RIB-Out associated with the peer that have the same AFI/SAFI as what is carried in the message, and taking into account all the ORF entries received from the peer until the speaker receives a subsequent ROUTE-REFRESH message for the same AFI/SAFI either without any ORF entries, or with one or more ORF entries and When-to-refresh set to IMMEDIATE. If the speaker receives from the peer a ROUTE-REFRESH message without any ORF entries, then the speaker sends to the peer all routes from the Adj-RIB-Out associated with the peer whose AFI/SAFI is the same as what is carried in the message and taking into account the ORF received from the peer. The set of ORF entries that the speaker sends to the peer expresses the speaker's local preference, that the peer MAY or MAY NOT decide to honor. During a single BGP session the speaker MAY pass multiple ORF entries to the peer. After a BGP speaker makes changes to the ORF entries previously sent to a peer, the speaker SHOULD send to the peer the updated ORF entries with either (a) When-to-refresh set to IMMEDIATE, or (b) When-to-refresh set to DEFER followed by a ROUTE-REFRESH message. The latter SHALL be used by the speaker when there are other policy changes (in addition to the ORF entries) that require the peer to re-advertise all the routes. The lifetime of an ORF is the duration of the BGP session during which the ORF is exchanged. Chen & Rekhter [Page 8] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 An ORF is removed when the last ORF entry is removed (either via REMOVE-ALL, or via a sequence of REMOVE). If a particular route maintained by a BGP speaker does not match any of the ORF entries of any of the (non-empty) ORFs associated with a particular peer, then this route SHOULD NOT be advertised to the peer. If a BGP speaker maintains multiple ORFs of different ORF-Types for a particular peer, then the decision by the speaker to advertise a route to the peer is determined by passing the route through each such ORF, and and-ing the results (and-ing of PERMIT and DENY results in DENY). 7. IANA Considerations This document defines a new BGP Capability - Outbound Route Filtering Capability. The Capability Code for the Outbound Route Filtering Capability is 3. As specified in this document, an ORF entry contains the ORF-Type field for which IANA is to create and maintain a registry entitled "BGP ORF Type". IANA will maintain and register values for ORF-Type field as follows: - ORF-Type value 0 is reserved. - ORF-Type values 1 through 63 are to be assigne dby IANA using either the Standards Action process defined in RFC 2434, or the Early IANA Allocation process defined in RFC 4020. - ORF-Type values 64 through 127 are to be assigned by IANA, using the "First Come First Served" policy defined in RFC 2434. - ORF-Type values 128 through 255 are vendor-specific, and values in this range are not to be assigned by IANA. Chen & Rekhter [Page 9] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 8. Security Considerations This extension to BGP does not change the underlying security issues. 9. Intellectual Property Considerations This section is taken from Section 5 of RFC 3668. The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. 10. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Chen & Rekhter [Page 10] Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-16.txt September 2006 11. Acknowledgements Some of the material in the document is adapted from a proposal for selective updates by Yakov Rekhter, Kannan Varadhan, and Curtis Villamizar. 12. Normative References [BGP-4] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006. [BGP-MP] Bates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D., and Rekhter, Y., "Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4", draft-ietf-idr-rfc1858bis- 10.txt. [BGP-CAP] Chandra, R., Scudder, J., "Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4", RFC 3392, November 2002. [BGP-RR] Chen, E., "Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4", RFC 2918, September 2000. [RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 13. Author Information Enke Chen Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 W. Tasman Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 Email: enkechen@cisco.com Yakov Rekhter Juniper Networks 1194 N. Mathilda Ave Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Email: yakov@juniper.net Chen & Rekhter [Page 11]