IX. BUSINESS TRAVEL

BUSINESS CUSTOMS

The Turkish people feel close to their traditions and culture.
However, having ties with western countries, Turkish people in
major cities have adopted a western way of life.  A foreigner
visiting any one of the large cities in Turkey will find himself
in an atmosphere similar to that of a contemporary western city.
There are no local customs, beyond the bounds of normal courtesy,
that a visiting businessman should feel compelled to observe.  In
general, a personal relationship is an important basis for a
successful business relationship in Turkey.  It is usually
important to allow time for friendly conversation before
commencing with a business agenda.  Business cards are almost
always exchanged, and visitors are usually offered a glass of tea
or Turkish coffee.

TRAVEL ADVISORY AND VISAS

New visa regulations are entering into force on October 1, 1994
for U.S. citizens visiting Turkey.  U.S. citizens will be
required to obtain visas before entering Turkey.  U.S. citizens
traveling on standard passports may obtain their visas either
from any Turkish Consular Offfice abroad, or at the border
crossing point--for any stay up to three months.  For visits of
longer duration, or for those intending to study or to obtain
employment in Turkey, a visa must be obtained in advance.  A fee
of $20.00 will be collected in reciprocity of U.S. practice,
notwithstanding the type of visa issued.  U.S. citizens holding
diplomatic or official passports will obtain their visas from the
Turkish Embassy before their departure for Turkey.  Further
information may be obtained from any Turkish Consular Office in
the United States.

There is little crime against visitors (generally less than in
the U.S.) in major cities like Istanbul, although their have been
reports of pickpocketing, purse snatching and mugging.  Visitors
are advised to avoid accompanying unknown persons to bars and
night clubs which may seriously overcharge.  Travel to eastern
Turkey except for the Black Sea Coast can be dangerous.
Terrorist acts by the PKK continue in most of the eastern
provinces.  The terrorist attacks include civilian targets.
Travel in the eastern provinces should be restricted after
nightfall to city centers.  During the last two years, there have
been some terrorist incidents in major cities as well.
Unauthorized purchase or removal from Turkey of antiquities or
other important cultural artifacts is strictly forbidden.  U.S.
visitors may obtain updated information on travel and security in
Turkey from the U.S. Embassy in Ankara or Consulates in Istanbul
and Adana.

TURKISH HOLIDAYS FOR 1995

January 1:    New Year's Day
March 2-5:    Sugar Holiday
April 23:     National Sovereignty and Children's Day
May 9-13:     Sacrifice Holiday
May 19:       Ataturk Memorial, Youth, and Sports Day
August 30:    Zafer Bayrami (Victory Day)
October 28-29:     Turkish Independence Day (From 13:00 on
                   10/28, Friday)

BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE

Transportation.  Major European airlines as well as Delta have
frequent flights to Turkey.  Turkish Airlines (THY) flies to many
cities in Europe, New York, the former Soviet Union, the Middle
East, and the Far East.  THY has a number of flights daily
between Ankara and Istanbul.  THY also has daily flights to other
cities in Turkey.  Rail transportation is also available between
most of the major cities.  Public transportation is available in
the cities.  However, businessmen are advised to use taxis.  Taxi
fares are low.

Language.  The official language spoken by more than 90 percent
of the population is Turkish.  Most educated Turks have a command
of at least one foreign language, with sufficient fluency to
carry out business transactions.  Most company executives were
educated in western countries.  English is the dominant language
for international business.  Other frequently spoken languages
are German and French.

Communication.  The telephone system in Turkey's major cities is
good.  Faxes are widely used in international business.

Lodging.  Medium to luxury-type hotels, including international
hotels such as the Hilton, Sheraton, Hyatt, Holiday Inn, Conrad,
and Swiss Hotel, are available in major cities.  Apartment rents
in Istanbul are expensive.  Rentals in Ankara and Izmir are more
reasonable.  The rental of a good quality apartment in a popular
area of a city is usually set in a foreign currency, and often 6
months to one year's rent is expected in advance.

Health.  There is no family doctor system in Turkey.  In the
event of illness it is customery to go directly to a hospital or
to a private specialist.  There are several good private medical
facilities in Istanbul and Ankara.  Anyone coming to Turkey
should have comprehensive medical insurance.

Food.  Turkish cuisine is characterized by the freshness of its
ingredients and most American business travelers have no trouble
finding a good meal.  All major hotels have at least one
restaurant serving continental cuisine.  Several European
restaurants are also available in major cities.  Prices at these
places are usually moderate-to-expensive.  Good food is available
not only at expensive restaurants but also moderately priced
establishments.  One also has the choice of fast food restaurants
such as McDonald's, Wendy's, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and their
Turkish equivalents such as Kebap 49.  A variety of fresh fruits
and vegetables is found throughout the year.