TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Commercial Overview 4 Overview of Import Market Synopsis of Commercial Environment Romanian Business Attitude Toward the U.S. Major Business Opportunities - Sectors - Major Projects - Market Openings Major Obstacles to Doing Business Nature of Local and Third-Country Competition II. Leading Trade Prospects for U.S. Business 11 A. Industrial Sector Best Prospects B. Agricultural Sector Best Prospects III. Economic Trends and Outlook 12 Major Trends and Outlook Principal Growth Sectors - Power Sector - Petroleum - Natural Gas - Mining Industry - Iron and Steel - Manufacturing - Services sector - Tourism Government Role in the Economy Balance of Payments Situation Trade and Investment Barriers Labor Force Major Local and Third-Country Competitors in Specific Sectors Infrastructure Situation Regarding Goods/Service Distribution Major Infrastructure Projects Underway IV. Political Environment 35 Nature of Bilateral Relationship with the United States Major Political Issues Affecting Business Climate Orientation of Major Political Parties V. Marketing U.S. Products and Services 39 Distribution and Sales Channels Use of Agents/Distributors; Finding a Partner Franchising Direct Marketing Joint Ventures/Licensing Steps to Establishing an Office Selling Factors/Techniques Advertising and Trade Promotion Pricing Product Sales Service/Customer Support Selling to the Government Protecting Your Product from IPR Infringement Need for a Local Attorney VI. Trade Regulations and Standards 51 Tariffs and Import Taxes Customs Valuation Import Licenses Export Controls Import/Export Documentation Temporary Entry Labeling, Marketing Requirements Prohibited Imports Standards Free Trade Zones/Warehouses Special Import Provisions Membership in Free Trade Arrangements VII. Investment Climate 56 Openness to Foreign Investment Conversion and Transfer Policies Expropriation and Compensation Dispute Settlement Right to Private Ownership and Establishment Protection of Property Rights Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment Bilateral Investment Agreements Investment Insurance Programs Foreign Direct Investment Statistics VIII. Trade and Project Financing 63 Description of Banking System Foreign Exchange Controls Affecting Trading General Financing Availability Export Financing and Insurance/Methods of Payment Project Financing Banks with Correspondent U.S. Banking Arrangements IX. Business Travel 71 Business Customs Travel Advisory and Visas Holidays Business Infrastructure Appendices: A. Country Data 74 B. Best Prospect Sectors for U.S. Exporters 76 to Romania C. U.S. and Romanian Contacts 86 D. Market Research 98 E. Trade Event Schedule 99