APPENDIX A: COUNTRY DATA 1. Profile According to preliminary results of the first national census carried out in December 1993, Oman's total population is 2,017,591. Of this, 537,060 (26 percent) are expatriates, most of South Asian origin. The remainder are Omanis. Estimates of the population growth rate vary, but most fall within the range of an increase of 3.5-3.9 percent each year. Virtually all Omanis are Muslim. Half are adherents of the Ibadhi sect, the others are Sunni with a small number of Shi'a in the country as well. The Shi'a are particularly prominent in commerce. The expatriates follow a variety of Indian and Western religions and there are places of worship for their faiths in Oman. The government led by Sultan Qaboos bin Sa'id consists of the Council of Ministers, the Majlis Ash-shura (consultative council) and various specialized councils and the ministries. The Council of Ministers is the highest executive authority, deriving its power from the Sultan. The country is divided into 59 Wilayats (districts), most under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. A Wali (governor) heads each wilayat. The Majlis Ash-shura contains members representing each wilayat. Economic and social development is carried out through five year plans; the current plan runs from 1991 through 1995. International treaties, agreements and charters approved by the Sultan become law from the date of their publication in the Official Gazette. The Sultanate of Oman is a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Arab League, the Organization of Islamic Conference Organization and many other regioal and international bodies. On January 1, 1994, Oman began serving its two year seat on the United Nations Security Council. The official language of Oman is Arabic, although Swahili, Farsi, Urdu, Baluchi, and various Indian dialects are quite common. English is the accepted language of business and is widely spoken in commercial and government circles. Certain business documents, however, such as company registration papers, must be in Arabic. As Oman is an Islamic country, visiting businessmen should not expect to schedule appointments or transact business on Friday, the official day of rest. Government offices and the American Embassy are closed on Thursdays; some banks have limited hours. Saturday and Sunday are normal workdays. Local time is four hours ahead of GMT and nine hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time. 2. Domestic Economy Complete data is not available on all aspects of Oman's economy, particularly for calendar years 1993 and 1994. In addition, the Omani economy's reliance on oil revenues and the vagaries of the price of oil make it impossible to make useful projections of Omani economic developments. Reliable data will only be presented here for the year 1992. The 1993 figures are provisional and the 1994 figures are for the first quarter only. 1992 1993 1994 ---- ---- ---- GDP at Purchasers' Values (USD Billions) 11.5 11.7 2.4 (Prov.) (1st qrtr.) GDP Growth Rate 9.1 1.7 -5.3 (est.) GDP per capita 5,928 5,801 N/A (est.) (prov.) Government spending as percent of GDP 50.0 48.2 N/A (prov.) Inflation 1.4 0.9 N/A Unemployment N/A N/A N/A Foreign Exchange Reserves 1.72 N/A N/A (USD Billions) USD 1.00/R.O. .385 .385 .385 Debt Service Ratio N/A N/A N/A U.S. Economic/ Military Assistance (USD Million) 3.6 1.1 0.1 3. Trade 1992 1993 1994 (IN USD MILLIONS) Total Exports 5,554 5,298 N/A Total Imports 3,768 4,113 N/A U.S. Exports 257 265 N/A U.S. Imports 207 305 N/A U.S. Share of Omani Imports 7.0 N/A N/A (Percent) None of the detailed data by Standardized International Trade Classification is available for the years after 1992. In that year, Oman imported USD 72.7 million worth of manufactured goods and USD 92.2 million worth of agricultural goods. Oman imports the majority of both its manufactured and its agricultural needs. The Sultanate consistently runs trade deficits with its trading partners, at least in terms of its non-oil exports. Oman's trade deficits with its three largest trading partners in 1992 were USD 876 million with Japan; USD 595 million with the United Arab Emirates (mostly re-exports); and USD 299 million with the United Kingdom. The top five exports and imports between Oman and the United States in 1992 were as follows: U.S. Exports to Oman (per the Harmonized Code): 1. Boring machinery (Code 84314300): USD 51.3 million. 2. Motor vehicles (Code 87032000): USD 21.1 million. 3. Miscellaneous (Code 9903000): USD 15.4 million. 4. Cigarettes (Code 24022000): USD 11.3 million. 5. Parts for boring machinery (Code 84314900): USD 8.9 million. (Sources for the data above are the following: Central Bank of Oman, Annual Report 1992; Directorate General of Customs, Foreign Trade Statistics 1992; Development Council, Statistical Yearbook 1992.)