IV. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT A. Nature of Bilateral Relationship with the United States The United States and Hong Kong conducted about US$20 billion worth of trade in 1993 and enjoy a stable, strong political relationship. B. Major Political Issues Affecting Business Climate Hong Kong will become a "special administrative region" of the People's Republic of China in 1997. Under China's "one country, two system" formulation, Hong Kong is to have a high degree of autonomy for at least 50 years following the July 1, 1997 transfer of sovereignty. The outbreak of violence in Tiananmen Square in Beijing on June 4, 1989 caused political and economic uncertainty in Hong Kong, resulting in large numbers of Hongkongers emigrating to other countries over the following months. The "brain drain" problem, however, has abated over the last two years, with fewer applications for emigration and greater numbers of those who have emigrated since 1989 returning to Hong Kong. Hong Kong Governor Chris Patten in October 1992 unveiled modest proposals to expand the political franchise in the 1995 Legislative Council (Legco) elections to respond to popular demand for more representative government. The PRC strongly opposed the Governor's proposals, viewing them as violations of the Sino-British Joint Declaration, China's Basic Law for Hong Kong, and agreements between the Foreign Ministers of China and the UK. Talks broke off after seven months of negotiations in late 1993. Without PRC agreement, the Hong Kong Government has proceeded to institute the Governor's reform proposals. Beijing has indicated that it will roll back these reforms in 1997, and hold new elections under yet unspecified rules. The difficulties in Sino-British relations have affected cooperation on other issues: bilateral negotiations on a financing agreement for the new Chek Lap Kok Airport project remain unconcluded, and there has been slow progress on approving proposals to localize and adapt current laws beyond 1997 in the UK-PRC Joint Liaison Group (JLG). Despite these political developments, business confidence in Hong Kong remains strong. Chinese investment in Hong Kong is growing rapidly, and nearly 60 percent of Chinese's exports flow through Hong Kong. This port is vital to their interests, and supplies much needed infrastructure support to the growth of South China.