VIII. TRADE AND PROJECT FINANCING Brief Description of The Banking System: The core of the Danish banking system is the Danish National Bank, an autonomous central bank. It establishes monetary policy including the interest rate structure and monitors money supply. There are just over 100 commercial banks in Denmark, all of which operate under the same basic conditions. Of these, two are by far the largest, Den Danske Bank and Unibank. Both have a nationwide network of branch banks. The largest, Den Danske Bank, had total assets of $52.6 billion at the end of 1993 and employed 12,500 people at year-end. Unibank, the second largest, had total assets of $35.7 billion and a staff of 11,250. The interests and activities of major Danish banks are very broad. For example, Den Danske Bank Group in addition to its commercial banking activities has subsidiaries engaged in mortgage finance, stockbroking, leasing, factoring, investment, property and insurance. Several banks operate branches abroad, including in the United States. There are many, mostly European, foreign branch banks in Denmark including two American banks. These are Citicorp and Republic National Bank of New York. In addition to the commercial banking system, other major financing institutions include mortgage financing companies, leasing and factoring companies, government and private venture capital organizations and pension funds. Foreign Exchange Controls Affecting Trading: There are no foreign exchange controls in Denmark. What is General Financing Availability: The vast majority of small to medium sized Danish firms are financed by commercial bank credit lines. The credit line is typically extended on a continuous, revolving basis and is not subject to an annual settlement. Such credit lines are usually established to finance day-to-day operations, including inventory financing. Larger corporations may obtain capital through stock offerings on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange (in some cases even on U.S. stock exchanges), or through direct negotiation with institutional investors such as pension funds. Financing is often a problem for small to medium sized companies with high growth, or growth potential. Frequently, such companies chose or are forced to solve their financing problems by selling out to foreign corporations, including U.S. corporations. How to Finance Exports/Methods of Payment: U.S. exports to Denmark are usually financed by the importer or the importer's bank. Eximbank financing is available but rarely used. The most common method of payment for an importer in the early phases of a business relationship is by Irrevocable Letter of Credit opened through a commercial bank. This is a recognized procedure, well-known and acceptable to Danish banks and importers. When a business relationship has reached a stage of mutual trust, payment credits are often extended by the exporter for periods varying from 30 - 90 days. There are no local credit facilities available specifically to finance imports from the United States, or any other country. Project Financing Available, Including Lending from Multilateral Institutions and Types of Projects Supported: There is no such financing available in Denmark. List of Banks with Corresponding U.S. Banking Arrangements: All major Danish banks have correspondent bank relationships in the United States. Most of them have such relationships with more than one American bank. The two largest have branches in New York as follows: Den Danske Bank 280 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017-1216 Unibank A/S 13-15 West 54th Street New York, NY 10019