VI. Trade Regulations and Standards Tariffs and Import Taxes In August 1991, import tariffs were streamlined. The previously cumbersome system (including over 80 rates with specific tariffs) was replaced by 10 ad valorem rates ranging from 5% to 50%. In addition to these duties, importers have to pay a fixed 7% for general emoluments and a consumption tax on goods of non-priority, ranging from 5% to 20%. Customs Valuation Customs Valuation is made in accordance with the definition of Brussels' Convention. Import Licenses With the recent publication of a negative list comprised of goods considered strategic (food items, i.e.. corn, rice and sugar; petroleum products; arms or munitions; etc.), 90% Of imports have been liberalized. For liberalized products, the prior import license has been replaced by a simple declaration of importation. Export Controls Given the significant structural deficit of the trade balance, there are no controls on exports. On the contrary, a new law passed in 1993 provides a variety of incentives to exports. Documentation 1) Commercial invoice - two copies 2) pro forma invoice - may be required by the importer to obtain an import license. 3) Bill of lading/air waybill 4) Insurance Certificate - it is required that transport insurance on imports be placed with the state insurance company whenever goods are under the ownership of a Capeverdean national. 5) Import license - six copies of the import license for controlled goods; four copies of the declaration of importation for liberalized goods. 6) Phytosanitary certificate and its copy. Temporary Entry Temporary entry is authorized for cooperation projects, diplomatic missions and to temporary foreign workers. Import Restrictions Narcotics are prohibited from being imported into Cape Verde. Pharmaceuticals may only be imported by public institutions. Free Trade Zones/ Warehouses A decree law in may 1989 created the legal basis for a free trade zone. Entrepot activities can be undertaken, such as the storage of goods without payment of duties, with storage periods ranging up to four years. Recently, a new law established the system of free enterprises (single- factory free zones) for 100 percent exporters. Membership in Free Trade Arrangements. Cape Verde is a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).